SIM box fraud poses a significant threat to telecommunications companies worldwide, causing substantial financial losses and undermining network integrity. This insidious scheme involves the illegal interception and redirection of international calls through unauthorized devices known as SIM boxes.

Telecommunication fraud/theft/deceit is a pervasive problem, costing service providers and consumers billions of dollars annually. Machine learning (ML) offers a powerful arsenal to combat this ever-evolving threat. By analyzing vast datasets of call records, network traffic, and user behavior patte